Recording neural activity in the brain is crucial for revealing the structure and behavior of the most complex organ found in humans. We are developing transparent, flexible, and implantable neural electrode arrays and demonstrating their utilities for electrophysiology, neural imaging, and optogenetics in the brain. We combine novel transparent materials (e.g. graphene, 2D materials) and nanotechnologies to employ transparent neural electrode array (or simply "Brain sensor").

• Nature Communications, 2014

• Nature Protocols, 2016

• ACS Nano, 2018

Flexible and stretchable devices are desired not only for electronic devices but also for bio applications. For instance, flexible graphene transistors built on a biocompatible Parylene C substrate would enable active circuitry to be integrated into flexible implantable biomedical devices. We are developing flexible and stretchable devices that can be used for bio applications. Other 2D materials (e.g. MoS2, WSe2) can be integrated in these devices and sensors.

• Applied Physics Letter, 2015

• Applied Physics Letter, 2016

Aptamer is single stranded nucleic acid that bind to a specific target molecule. Electronic devices combined with aptamer and microfluidic system allow for detection of biomarkers flowing through a microfluidic channel. The aptamer-based label-free biosensors with high specificity and affinity will be promising next-generation devices.

​